It has long been recognised that flight close to a boundary surface is more aerodynamically efficient than flight in the free stream. When taking off, ground effect may temporarily reduce the stall speed. The first wig craft were patented in finland in 1935. Ground effect one of the most misunderstood aerodynamic effects is called ground effect. Ground effect craft technology will be of interest to naval engineers, aviation engineers, naval architects, and mechanical engineers interested in the development and research of wing in ground wig and high performance marine vehicles. Unlike conventional airplane, a wig craft experiences righting moment and adverse. Wig craft is more fuel efficient than other general aviation and transport aircrafts and has relatively very short takeoff distance 1. Wing in ground effect vehicles linkedin slideshare. Worlds first wing in ground effect marine craft fully surveyed to imo rules.
It seems, however, a matter of time at a glance to transform a passenger craft to a polymorphic craft although it may require some tradeoffs in payload. Feb 16, 2014 wing in ground effect is quite a new concept of designing fast ships, which has vast relevance in numerous areas such as transportation of cargo, tourism, rescue operations, and military functions. Wig catamaran, wing in ground effect, aerodynamic characters, naca 6409, cfd analysis. Some of the benefits of wigcraft include high speed operation compared to traditional marine craft, improved payload and aerodynamic. Classification of wing in ground effect wig craft subject. Jun 15, 2010 a wing in ground effect craft as claimed in claim 1 wherein said wing in ground effect craft has a single vertical stabilizer located at a rear of said wing in ground effect craft. Pdf experimental investigation of a winginground effect craft. Complex flow for winginground effect craft with power. The usa abandoned efforts to produce ground effect craft in the mid 1960s as they were. When a wing is flown very close to the ground, wingtip. Par flight leaves a wake on the surface of the water where it has been blown by the fans.
South koreas armed forces have already agreed to buy some and the firm says it hopes to announce its first commercial sales to an oilandgas firm and a mediterranean ferry company shortly. My colleagues and i are new to rc plane design, and we have to build a wig plane from scratch. Specifications of wsh500 wing span overall with winglet 27. Wing in ground effect craft the concept and the market. This report provides the theory of the efficiency of wings operating in ground effect and the historical background to the development of wig craft. The lift increases due to the ground effect at low ground clearance when the endplate is not present. The study was inspired by the lippischtype rfb x114 wig winginground effect craft for which a reverse delta. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally investigated and universiti teknologi malaysia utm wind tunnel with and without endplates. This effect is a consequence of the distortion of the airflow below such surfaces attributable to the proximity of the ground. Aerodynamics of a single element wing in ground effect. Pdf a wingingroundeffect wige crafts can be deployed to fly by utilizing the ground effect, which is a natural phenomenon known. The following is a list of wig or winginground effect craft, also referred to as waterskimming wingships or, in russia, ekranoplans. The wingtip vortices streaming behind an aircraft follow a downward inclined path for some distance behind the aircraft and then gradually level out to follow a path at a lower level than the aircraft and also drift apart.
Ekranoplans, also winginground wig effect crafts wartsila. Wig craft are capable of operating at speeds in excess of 100 knots. A brief reference on wing in ground effect craft posted by admin in aerodynamics of a lifting system in extreme on february 7, 2016 the earliest, albeit unintentional, use of the ground effect in technology is probably due to the wright brothers whose gliders covered longer distances when flying close to the sands. This paper presents a wing in ground effect craft design as an alternative to the current ships, a means of faster and safer transportation. Kaario, the finnish engineer built what he called the wingram craft in that year.
Many researchers have had some successful attempts to develop wig crafts that fly near sea surface. A winginground wig craft is defined as a vessel capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the waters surface. When landing, ground effect can give the pilot the feeling that the aircraft is floating. For fixed wing aircraft, ground effect is the increased lift and decreased aerodynamic drag that an aircrafts wings generate when they are close to a fixed surface. Ciardp87m00539r0004004700022 secret executive registry copy 3 national foreign intelligence board washington, dc. The ground effect on the lift and drag forces and vortices generated by a slender reverse delta wing with different anhedrals was investigated experimentally. Ground effect one of the most misunderstood aerodynamic. Forcing boundarylayer transition on a singleelement wing in ground effect 21 july 2017 journal of fluids engineering, vol. Design of a hoverwing aircraft presented to mechanical and.
Introduction winginground wig effect transportation vehicles have attracted considerable attention in view of their potential civil and military applications. Furthermore, it has been found that the performance of the wing improves noticeably for a certain total span of compound wing when the span of the middle part becomes smaller. Pdf technology developments for wing in ground effect. The following is a list of wig or wing in ground effect craft, also referred to as waterskimming wingships or, in russia, ekranoplans. The ge is a phenomenon where aerodynamic, aero elastic and aero acoustic impact on a body that. These craft are supported in their main operational mode solely by aerodynamic. To provide detailed insight into the aerodynamic characteristics of wingin ground effect wig craft with par engine, numerical simulations are carried out on. This has led to the design and construction of craft specifically intended to operate close to the ground and fly in. A wing in ground effect craft as claimed in claim 16 wherein said vertical stabilizer is located atop a first propulsion unit in the form of a ducted fan. It can be seen as a transition between a hovercraft and an aircraft. Pdf wing in ground effect craft are becoming promising transportation over the last decade. This is caused primarily by the ground interrupting the wingtip vortices and downwash behind the wing. Introduction wing in ground wig effect transportation vehicles have attracted considerable attention in view of their potential civil and military applications. The soviets began building such craft in the late 1950s and gave the prototypes the designation ekranoplan.
Lift and drag forces, pitching moment coefficients, and the centre of pressure were measured with respect to the ground clearance and the wing angle of. Wartsila is a global leader in smart technologies and complete lifecycle solutions for the marine and energy markets. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wing in ground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally investigated and universiti teknologi malaysia utm wind tunnel with and without endplates. Winginground effect wig craft russian ekranoplans offers a new transport solution somewhere between boat and aircraft and may revolutionize the future. The most significant of these effects is known as the wing in ground wig effect, which refers to the reduction in induced drag experienced by an aircraft as it approaches a height approximately equal to half the aircrafts wingspan above ground or other level surface, such as the sea. The winginground wig effect vehicle is a promising. The difference between par and ground effect flight can be clearly seen. Numerical study of aerodynamics of a wingingroundeffect. The wing ship technology corporation, a south korean company, is trying to revive the wing in ground effect idea. The high increment of lifttodrag ratio for the present wing in extreme ground effect recognizes a good efficiency for winginground wig craft. Ground effect craft technology will be of interest to naval engineers, aviation engineers, naval architects, and mechanical engineers interested in the development and research of wing in ground wig and high performance marine. They illustrated the ground effect caused a reduction in the tip vortex and the wake following the wing, as shown by the smoke trace test. Ground effect is the name given to the positive influence on the lifting characteristics of the horizontal surfaces of an aircraft wing when it is close to the ground. Wig craft gives an alternate solution to gain higher speed 1.
By emphasising sustainable innovation, total efficiency and data analytics, wartsila maximises the environmental and economic performance of the vessels and power plants of its customers. The sliding mesh technology is used to simulate the relative motion between the wingingroundeffect craft and. A wingingroundeffect craft 11 having a loaded canard forewing and a main forward delta configuration wing 15 attached to fore 17 and mid 19 sections of a body 21 respectively. A lifting system that has increased lifttodrag ratio due to flying very near to the ground is termed as. Development of a winginground effect craft marine slider. Part of theaerospace engineering commons, and themechanical engineering commons. Aerodynamic study of wig craft near curved ground sciencedirect. A wig craft utilizes ground proximity effects to improve aerodynamic loading and efficiency.
The report also attempts to outline the performance characteristics of wig craft and the operational limitations that might be found on developed wig. Due to the efficiency and their classification as fast vessels, wing in ground crafts have the potential to become favored transport vehicles for mean distances in. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology liang. A wing in groundeffect vehicle wig, is a vehicle that cruises little more than a few feet over flat surfaces, most often water. A wing in ground wig craft is a marine craft equipped with wings which enables it to remain airborne just above the water surface. This paper presents a winginground effect craft design as an alternative to the current ships, a means of faster and safer transportation. The fs8 should already be appointed a thrifty, environmentally friendly successor of the seaplanes in the maldives islands since 2003. Introduction to wing in ground effect vehicles youtube. Jeff huston dynamics, vehicle dynamics, adviser and family patricia, tiffany, and roger, bob. Regarding polymorphic craft, wst needs to have a study to give you a precise answer. For an engineering project, we need to design and study a working ground effect plane.
Wig craft is a multimodal craft which, in its main operational mode, flies by using ground effect above the water or some other surface, without constant contact with such a surface and supported in the air, mainly, by an aerodynamic lift generated on a wing wings, hull, or their parts, which are intended to utilize the ground effect action. Research article experimental investigation of a wingin. Wing in ground effect craft are becoming promising transportation over the last decade. Apr 30, 2015 wing in ground effect crafts ground effect vehicles. Some of the benefits of wig craft include high speed operation compared to traditional marine craft, improved payload and aerodynamic. Design of a wing section in ground effect iowa state university. Computational aerodynamics and flight stability of wingin. Wig craft and ekranoplan ground effect craft technology. In many general aviation airplanes this effect produces greater lift and less drag for a given angle of attack. Stability analysis of a wing in ground effect craft. Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran. The aerodynamic characteristics of the wing in ground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally investigated at universiti teknologi malaysia. This is a typical operating condition for wing in ground effect wig craft in the proximity of the ground.
Apr 30, 2015 wingingroundeffect crafts groundeffect vehicles. Experimental investigation of a winginground effect craft hindawi. In 2000, the model is for commercial sale in china. The watersports and leisure groundeffect craft that provides a unique experience gliding over the water using the wingingroundeffect on the speed up to 110 kmh. In full ground effect flight, the disturbance behind the boat has virtually disappeared figures 811. While some believe that it will bring a new era of high speed marine transportation, others believe it holds less promise than the hovercraft. The goal is to build a slowflying, stable, manouvrable ground effect craft. It fills the technological gap between conventional aircraft and ships.
See more ideas about ground effects, flying boat and vehicles. A brief reference on wingingroundeffect craft posted by admin in aerodynamics of a lifting system in extreme on february 7, 2016 the earliest, albeit unintentional, use of the ground effect in technology is probably due to the wright brothers whose gliders covered longer. Numerical study on aerodynamics of banked wing in ground effect. Classification of wing in ground effect wig craft keywords. The flow around a wingingroundeffect craft flying at. In full groundeffect flight, the disturbance behind the boat has virtually disappeared figures 811. Lift and drag forces, pitching moment coefficients, and the centre of pressure were measured with respect to the ground clearance and the wing angle of attack. Shape optimization of an airfoil in ground effect for. Experimental investigation of a winginground effect craft. Mar 06, 2008 a wing in ground effect vehicle wig, is a vehicle that cruises little more than a few feet over flat surfaces, most often water. The 19xr can traverse 30% to 40% grade depending on the configuration of the craft. Wing in ground effect wig craft is a type of aircraft which takesoff and lands with very small ground clearance compared to other transport aircrafts. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a. The difference between par and groundeffect flight can be clearly seen.
It is the phenomena when an airfoil is operating close to a boundary such as the ground or water. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a compound wing was experimentally investigated at universiti teknologi malaysia. Kaario, the finnish engineer built what he called the wing ram craft in that year. Ground effect on a slender reverse delta wing with. The body 21 is formed with an integral planing hull 23 for amphibious applications, extending rearward to a tail section 25 which incorporates a ducted fan 27, and a vertical stabilizer. A groundeffect vehicle gev, also called a wingingroundeffect wig, groundeffect craft, wingship or ekranoplan russian. Experimental investigation of a wing in ground effect craft. When an aircraft flies at a ground level approximately at or below the half length of the aircrafts wingspan there occurs, depending on airfoil and aircraft design, an often noticeable ground effect. Starting with definitions of the phenomenon and the craft which takes advantage of the ground effect ge, the history and perspectives of the technology, specific vehicles and projects, and areas of application are covered. Analysis of wingingroundeffect vehicle with regard to safety.
A wing in ground wig craft is defined as a vessel capable of operating completely above the surface of the water on a dynamic air cushion created by aerodynamic lift due to the ground effect between the vessel and the waters surface. Aerodynamic characteristics of wing of wig catamaran vehicle. The effect increases as the wing descends closer to the. Wing in groundeffect craft post by octoberrust mon oct 31, 2005 2.
Classification of winginground effect wig craft keywords. Classification of winginground effect wig craft subject. Proceedings of intersociety advanced marine conference 1989. The aerodynamic characteristics of the winginground effect wig craft model that has a noble configuration of a. This creates a dynamic cushion, which lifts the craft clear of the surface.
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